Tech

File Size Calculator

Predict file size before you render.

Enter a video's bitrate and its length in minutes to estimate the resulting file size. Useful before rendering, streaming, or uploading — nobody wants a surprise 20 GB upload. The calculator shows both megabytes and gigabytes so you can judge against your storage and data caps.

Introduction

File size is determined by how much information is stored and how efficiently it is encoded. Uncompressed, the math is brutally simple: a 12-megapixel photo at 24-bit color holds 12,000,000 pixels x 24 bits / 8 = 36,000,000 bytes, or 36 MB. Compression shrinks this — JPEG typically to 3 to 6 MB for that photo, a 6:1 to 12:1 ratio — by discarding information the eye barely notices. Video follows bitrate: file size = bitrate x duration / 8, so a 2-hour movie encoded at 8 Mbps is 8 x 7,200 / 8 = 7,200 MB, or 7.2 GB.

Audio is the same idea at smaller scale: CD-quality audio runs 1,411 kbps (44,100 samples x 16 bits x 2 channels), which is about 10.6 MB per minute; a 128 kbps MP3 compresses that to under 1 MB per minute. Text is tiny by comparison — a 300-page novel as plain text is roughly 1 MB, which is why e-book libraries feel weightless next to photo collections. Modern codecs (H.265/HEVC for video, Opus for audio) roughly halve sizes versus their predecessors at equal quality, so the codec matters as much as the settings.

Practical uses: sizing cloud storage (a year of phone photos at 4 MB each, 5 per day, is 7.3 GB), choosing video export settings (halving the bitrate halves the file), and understanding why a '128 GB' phone fills up — the OS, apps, and a few 4K videos at 400 MB per minute consume it faster than the number suggests. This calculator estimates sizes from dimensions, bitrates, and durations.

How it's calculated

File size = bitrate (Mbps) × minutes × 60 ÷ 8 megabits per byte, giving megabytes, then ÷ 1,024 for gigabytes.

Worked examples

A 2-hour movie at 8 Mbps

Duration: 2 hours = 7,200 seconds. Total bits: 8 Mbps x 7,200 s = 57,600 megabits. To megabytes: 57,600 / 8 = 7,200 MB, or 7.2 GB. Add the audio track (say 192 kbps x 7,200 / 8 = 172.8 MB) and the realistic file is about 7.4 GB. At a 25 Mbps stream, this movie plays with room to spare (8 Mbps content on a 25 Mbps pipe); at 4K's typical 25 Mbps bitrate, the same 2 hours would be 22.5 GB — which is why 4K libraries demand triple the storage of HD ones.

A 12 MP smartphone photo

Raw sensor data: 12,000,000 pixels x 24 bits = 288,000,000 bits / 8 = 36,000,000 bytes = 36 MB uncompressed. JPEG compression at typical phone quality (~10:1) brings it to about 3.6 MB — the file size you actually see. Shooting 10 photos a day for a year: 3.6 MB x 10 x 365 = 13,140 MB, or about 13.1 GB per year. Switch to RAW/DNG capture and the same habit costs 36 x 10 x 365 = 131.4 GB per year — ten times the storage, which is the real price of maximum editing flexibility.

Frequently asked questions

What is video bitrate?

Bitrate is how much data each second of video uses, measured in megabits per second. An 8 Mbps stream uses 8 megabits every second — multiply by the duration for the file size.

Can I estimate a short clip under a minute?

Yes — just type 0.17 for 10 seconds (10 ÷ 60). The math works the same for clips of any length.

Is this the exact final file size?

It is close. Container overhead and variable bitrate encoding add a few percent, but this estimate is accurate enough for planning storage and uploads.

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